The Evaluation of Non-Destructive Tests for the Strength and Physical Properties of Granite, Marble, and Sandstone: A Case Study from North Pakistan

Nondestructive tests, commonly employed in rock mechanics, estimate mechanical parameters without affecting the rocks situ properties. This study evaluates non-destructive tests (ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer) for forecasting strength physical properties of used rocks. Weathering grades moisture content are provided as variables that produce variances both tests. The coefficient determination (R²) subsequent empirical equations best-fit trend line calculated using a simple regression method. ultrasonic is found to be more efficient estimating most (specific gravity, porosity, water absorption, dry density) granite, marble, sandstone, with high correlation coefficients. Whereas hammer reproducible determining (compressive tensile) sandstone. student’s t-test proved sensitivity correctness acquired from suggested correlations, agreement was established between measured estimated plots Although confirms performance all models this significant, any test low R² value should caution when studied